Patricia F
نویسنده
چکیده
Historical data were used to reconstruct channel change in the Middle Fork John Day River, a tributary of the Columbia River. Human impacts on the channel from the 1800s to present include: beaver trapping, early alluvial gold mining, dredge mining, livestock grazing, haying and irrigation, railroad-building, road-building, and placing of bank stabilization structures. 1881 land survey records, 1939 aerial photos, 1989 aerial photos, and a detailed 1996 channel habitat inventory were used identify the extent and location of channel change, and to compare direct human modification of the channel with channel self-adjustment by fluvial processes. Channel change and human impacts have been expressed differently in wide valley segments, which are inherently sinuous with abundant pools, compared to narrow valley segments, which are inherently less sinuous. The major effects of human activities include loss of sinuosity, loss of riparian woody vegetation, probably loss of large woody debris and pools, and reduced potential for adjustment because of bank stabilization structures. Wide-valley segments have more potential for fish habitat but also have been the most affected by human impacts. Implications for restoration are discussed. KEY TERMS: fluvial geomorphology, human impacts, channel adjustment, riparian restoration
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